In the late 1990s, Rowe and Davidson developed the citizenship concept and began to articulate the responsibility that the community, not only the individual or mental health system of care, bears (Rowe and Davidson, 2016). Citizenship is defined as the person’s strong connection to the 5 Rs + 1B of rights, responsibilities, roles, resources, and relationships that society offers its members, and a sense of belonging in a society that both supports and is supported by a strong connection to the 5 Rs (Rowe, 1999; Rowe et al., 2001). Recovering citizenship, therefore, is not simply recovery, but also possessing the 5 Rs and being welcomed and recognized as having equal status in society along with others (Rowe and Davidson, 2016).
Rowe, M. (1999). Crossing the border: Encounters between homeless people and outreach workers. University of California Press. Rowe, M., Kloos, B., Chinman, M., Davidson, L., & Cross, A. B. (2001). Homelessness mental illness, and citizenship. Social Policy & Administration, 35(1), 14-31. Rowe, M., & Davidson, L. (2016). Recovering Citizenship. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 53(1), 14-21.